Antimicrobial drugs are a type of medication that are used to treat, prevent and control infections caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. They are also referred to as antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and antiparasitics, respectively.

Antimicrobial drugs work by either killing the microorganisms, or by stopping their growth and reproduction. The drugs target specific processes within the microorganisms that are essential for their survival, such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication and metabolism.

However, it is important to note that overuse or misuse of antimicrobial drugs can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This occurs when microorganisms evolve and adapt to the drugs, making them less effective, and in some cases, completely ineffective. AMR is a concerning issue as it can render previously treatable infections untreatable, with potentially fatal consequences.

To counter AMR, it is important to use antimicrobial drugs wisely, including only using them when necessary, completing the full course of treatment, and only using them as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Additionally, efforts are being made to develop new antimicrobial drugs and alternative treatments to combat resistant microorganisms.