Subject Code: BP603T
Course Title: Herbal Drug Technology
Nutraceuticals
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Nutraceuticals
At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
➢ Define nutraceuticals
➢ Classify nutraceuticals with examples
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Content
Nutraceuticals
➢ Definition of nutraceuticals
➢ Classification of nutraceuticals
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Nutraceuticals
Nutraceuticals
“Any substance may be considered as food or part of food , which in
addition to its normal nutritive value provides health benefits
including prevention of diseases or promotion of health”
Diabetes – Garlic, momordica
Cancer – Flax seeds, green tea
Immunomodulator – Ginseng
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
➢ Inorganic mineral supplements
➢ Vitamin supplements
➢ Digestive enzymes
➢ Probiotics
➢ Prebiotics
➢ Dietary fibres
➢ Health drinks
➢ Antioxidants
➢ PUFA
➢ Herbs as functional foods
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
Inorganic mineral supplements:
➢ Large number of elements control variety of physiological and
biochemical functions of human body
➢ Most of the minerals are provided through diet, Deficiency of
minerals in food may lead to various diseases
Eg: Calcium – Imp in the treatment of bone loss and prevention,
sufficient intake of Ca post menopause significantly reduce the risk
of bone fracture
Manganese – bone formation and cartilage
Zinc – Antioxidant www.remixeducation.in
Classification of Nutraceuticals
Vitamin supplement:
➢ Necessary for maintenance of human life in small quantities
➢ Vit B complex – Specific vitamin B recommended for to combat high
levels of homocysteine
➢ Niacinamide deficiency – Neurological and skin problems
➢ Vitamin C – Anti oxidant, Necessary for proper maintenance for
bones
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
Digestive enzymes:
➢ Use to help absorb and digest food material
➢ Pepsin of digestive juice – Digestive aid for proteins
➢ Amylase – Digest carbohydrates
➢ Pancrilipase – Breakdown of fat in small intestine
➢ Papain and bromelain – In digestive disorders
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
Probiotics:
➢ Describing as a living organisms
➢ When ingested with or without food improves the intestinal
microbial balance and consequently the health and functioning of
large intestine
➢ Approximately 95% of bacteria found in colon of human body, some
of them are useful and some of them harmful
➢ Natural balance between these two play an imp role in the health
and functioning of large intestine
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
Eg: Bioyoghurts – Lactobacillus acidophilus reduces the incidence of
vaginal infections
Bifido bacteria found in yoghurt prevent young children suffering
from diarrhoea
Prebiotics:
➢ Food components that escape digestion by normal human
digestive enzymes and reach the colon after passage through the
stomach and small intestine
➢ selectively promote the growth of probiotics
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
Eg: Fructo oligosaccharide used in food supplements encourage the
growth of Bifido bacteria already present in the gut
Dietary fibres: Necessary for our body to function properly
Water insoluble fibre:
➢ Absorbs water to certain extent
➢ Mainly contributes to bulking of stool
➢ Allows quick passage of wastes
Eg : Whole grain cereals, wheat, fruits and vegetables
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
Water soluble fibre:
➢ Get dissolved in a water and forms a gel that binds the stool
➢ Slows down the absorption of glucose and reduce the cholesterol
levels
Eg : Oats, legumes, fruits and vegetables
Health drinks:
➢ Health drinks are incorporated with antioxidants, Vit A, C and E and
herbal extracts
Eg : Tropicana fruit juice fortified with Calcium provide 365 mg/250 ml
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
Anti oxidants:
➢ Deficiency of antioxidants leads to variety of diseases like diabetes,
cardiac diseases, arthritis etc
True antioxidants:
➢ React with free radicals and block the chain reaction of free
radicals
Antioxidant synergists:
➢ Very low antioxidant potential, but enhance the effect of true
antioxidants by reacting with heavy metals which catalyse the auto
oxidation www.remixeducation.in
Classification of Nutraceuticals
Examples:
➢ Vitamin C – Citrus fruits
➢ Lycopene – Tomato
➢ β-carotene – Carrot, sweet potato
➢ Rutin – Buck wheat, eucalyptus
➢ Quercetin – Onion, apple, black grapes
➢ Betalaines – Beet root
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
➢ Human body is capable of synthesizing most of the fatty acids
except two major Poly unsaturated fatty acids omega-3-fatty acid
and omega -6-fatty acid
➢ These are precursors for arachidonic acid and docosohexanoic acid
(DHA)
➢ These acids found to regulate Blood pressure, heart rate, blood
clotting etc
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Classification of Nutraceuticals
➢ Essential for the development of foetus and also during first 6
months after birth
➢ Breast milk is a rich source for DHA
Herbs as functional foods: Various herbs used in prevention of disease
Eg: Garlic, spirulina, momordica, flax seed, tomato, turmeric, Ginkago
biloba etc
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Summary
➢ Nutraceuticals – Nutritional value as well as health benefits
➢ Classification – Inorganic mineral supplements, Vitamin supplements
Digestive enzymes, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Dietary fibres, Health drinks
➢ Antioxidants, Poly unsaturated fatty acids, Herbs as functional foods
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Thank You
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