Lecture No. 01
Basics in Organic Chemistry
Contents
• Definition of organic chemistry
• Ionic bond
• Covalent bond
• Sigma bond
• Pi bond
• Different functional groups present in organic compounds
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Learning Objectives
At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Explain different types of chemical bonds
• Explain fundamentals of organic chemistry
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What Is Organic Chemistry?
• Chemistry of compounds that contain the element carbon
• Compounds in living things, termed organic compounds
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Chemical Bond
• Bonding is the joining of two atoms in a stable arrangement
• Ionic bond
• Covalent bond
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Ionic Bond
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Covalent Bond
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Property of Carbon
• Catenation
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
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Sigma(σ) Bond and( π )Bond
•
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Classification of Compounds /Functional Groups
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Classification of Compounds /Functional Groups
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Classification of Compounds /Functional Groups
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Classification of Compounds /Functional Groups
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Summary
• Ionic bond, and covalent bond are found in in compounds
• Catenation is a special property of carbon
• Sigma bond is formed by axial overlapping of atomic orbitals
• Pi bond are formed by lateral /sidewise overlapping
• Sigma bond is stronger than pi bond
• Important functional groups are alkyl halide , alcohol, carboxylic
acid , aldehydes and ketones
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