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Pharmaceutical chemistry
Chapter—3 Inorganic pharmaceutical
Unit-1— Haematinics.
Haematinics are those substances which provide the suitable condition for blood
component formation and support the blood formation (Erythropoiesis). Its
generally contains the iron/ferrous containing compounds, which are the essential
substances required for the blood metabolism and provide the prevention against
the deficiency syndrome of iron or ferrous. In haematinics also include the
supporting elements for blood formation and maturation. Example- zinc, copper,
vitamins, folic acid etc.
➢ Bone marrow is the area/zone of blood components formation (RBC, WBC,
& PLATELETS). By the combination effects of blood substances provide
the immunity against any disease.
➢ Hemoglobin is the iron rich red color protein which presents in the RBC and
carry the oxygen from one place to another in the body.
Classification of the Haematinics: – On the basis of dosages and activity it is
mainly divide into three categories.
1. Iron containing substances: – on the basis of dose administration it is
divide into two parts-
Oral iron— Ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulphate,
Carbonyl iron, Ferric ammonium citrate.
Parenteral— Iron dextran, ferrous sucrose.
2. Maturation activity: – Example- Vitamin B12, folic acid.
3. Haematinics adjuvant: – Example- copper, pyridoxine, riboflavin.
Ferrous sulphate.
➢ Chemical formula- FeSO4 Molar mass-151.91g/mol.
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➢ Introduction—ferrous sulphate is an iron salt preparation which is used to
management the iron deficiency symptoms. It is popularly known as green
vitriol, Melanterite, Copperas. Its hydrated form is used medically to treat
iron deficiency, and also for industrial applications.
➢ Properties: –
Color and state—It is the white crystals powder but their heptahydrate
form is shows blue-green color.
Odor and taste— It is odorless with metallic taste.
Solubility— it is soluble in water but in alcohol, ethylene glycol it shows
negligible solubility.
• Chemically it is a reducing agent so in pharmaceutical it reduces the
other substance in useful form.
➢ Pharmaceutical preparation—pharmaceutically it is prepared in the
form of- tablet, capsule, syrup, pills oral drop etc.
➢ Brand/Market Name—Folfes- plus, Feosol, Ferroealth, E-Folifer kid
etc.
➢ Storage condition—It is stored in well closed air resistance unopened
container and keep away from incompatible materials at room temperature
and also away from the light and moisture.
➢ Uses/Applications—
• Ferrous sulfate (or sulphate) is a medicine used to treat and prevent
iron deficiency anemia.
• Ferrous sulfate provides the iron supplement during the pregnancy
and maintains the iron status in both child and mother.
• Its preparations are highly required during the menstruation.
Ferrous fumarate.
➢ Chemical formula- C4H2FeO4 Molar mass-169.90g/mol
➢ Introduction— Ferrous fumarate also known as Feostat, Iron (II)
fumarate, is the iron (II) salt of fumaric acid. Pure form of ferrous fumarate
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has an iron content of 32.87%, therefore one tablet of 300mg iron fumarate
will contain 98.6mg of iron. It is often taken orally as an iron supplement.
➢ Properties-
Color and state—It occurs as reddish-orange powder.
Odor and taste— It is odorless with metallic taste.
Solubility—It is slightly soluble in water and negligible soluble in ethanol.
➢ Pharmaceutical preparation— pharmaceutically it is prepared in the
form of- tablet, capsule, syrup, pills, oral drop etc.
➢ Brand/Market Name— Ferroplus, Naviglobin, Livogen Z, Autrin etc.
➢ Storage condition— It is stored in well closed air resistance unopened
container and keep away from incompatible materials at room temperature
and also away from the light and moisture.
➢ Uses/Applications-
• Ferric fumarate is also used to treat iron deficiency anemia.
• Ferrous fumarate replace iron found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and
enzymes and allows for the transportation of oxygen via
hemoglobin.
• Ferrous fumarate and folic acid is a combination medicine used to
treat or prevent certain types of anemia (low red blood cells) caused
by an iron or folate deficiency.
Ferric ammonium citrate.
➢ Chemical formula- (NH4)5[Fe(C6H4O7)2] Molar mass- 488.16g/mol
➢ Introduction- In its crystal structure each moiety of citric acid has lost
four protons. The deprotonated hydroxyl group and two of the carboxylate
groups ligate to the ferric center, while the third carboxylate group
coordinates with the ammonium. It is also known as ferriseltz.
• It is prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide with citric acid,
followed by treatment with ammonium hydroxide, evaporating, and
drying.
➢ Properties-
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Color and state— it is a yellowish brown to red solid crystals.
Odor and taste— it shows ammonia like odor with saline or ferruginous
taste.
Solubility—it is greatly soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.
➢ Pharmaceutical preparation— pharmaceutically it is prepared in the
form of- tablet, capsule, syrup, oral drop etc.
➢ Brand/Market Name— Ferigold, Cutifer, ferrous-M, Adrovit- plus
etc.
➢ Storage condition— it is stored in well closed air resistance unopened
container and keeps away from incompatible materials at room
temperature and also away from the light and moisture.
➢ Uses/Applications—
• Ferric citrate is also used to treat iron deficiency anemia.
• Ferric ammonium citrate exerts hematinic action by replenishing
iron, which is an essential constituent of hemoglobin formation.
• Ferric citrate is used to control phosphorus levels in adults with
chronic kidney disease.
Ferrous ascorbate.
➢ Chemical formula- C12H14FeO12 Molar mass- 406.08g/mol
➢ Introduction- The alkali or alkaline earth metal salts or its hydroxides are
reacted with ferrous sulfate then forms the corresponding ferrous salt,
which is reacted with ascorbic acid in an aqueous medium at slightly acidic
or neutral condition followed by filtration to get ferrous ascorbate in
mother liquor. it is also known as ferrous ascorbate iron(2+) di-L-ascorbat ,
L-ascorbic acid.
➢ Properties-
Color and state— It is blue-violet color crystalline powder, containing
16% iron.
Odor and taste—it is odorless with metallic iron taste.
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Solubility— it is soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol.
➢ Pharmaceutical preparation— pharmaceutically it is prepared in the
form of- tablet, capsule, syrup, pills, oral drop etc.
➢ Brand/Market Name—Firolin-XT, kryptofer-XT, Fericib-XT, Brisfer
etc.
➢ Storage condition— It is stored in well closed air resistance unopened
container and keep away from incompatible materials at room temperature
and also away from the light and moisture.
➢ Uses/Applications—
• Ferric citrate is used to control phosphorus levels in adults with
chronic kidney disease.
• Ferric citrate is also used to treat iron deficiency anemia.
• Ferrous Ascorbate is a combination of iron and vitamin C used to
manage the gastric problem and helps in the digestion.
Carbonyl iron.
➢ Chemical formula-Fe(CO)5 Molar mass-195.9g/mol
➢ Introduction— Carbonyl iron is a highly pure iron, prepared by chemical
decomposition of purified iron pentacarbonyl. In pharmaceutics, carbonyl
iron powder is used to treat iron deficiency and as an iron dietary
supplement.
➢ Properties-
Color and state— It is the pale yellow or straw color liquid.
Odor and taste— It shows the pungent odor with metallic taste.
Solubility—It is insoluble in water and ammonia, Soluble in organic
solvents and slightly soluble in alcohol.
➢ Pharmaceutical preparation— pharmaceutically it is prepared in the
form of- tablet, capsule, syrup, oral drop etc.
➢ Brand/Market Name—Irontic, Hefer-Z, Mycarb, Carvifol, Arfol-Z
etc.
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➢ Storage condition— It is stored in well closed air resistance unopened
container and keep away from incompatible materials at room temperature
and also away from the light and moisture.
➢ Uses/Applications—
• Carbonyl iron is a supplements used to treat or prevent low blood
levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy).
• Iron helps your body produce red blood cells that carry oxygen
through your blood to tissues and organs.
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