DESIGN OF SPECIAL PURPOSE
COSMECEUTICAL PRODUCTS

TOPIC: Bleeding gums, Mouth odor
Sensitive teeth, Dandruff.

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BLEEDING GUMS :
• These are caused by inadequate plaque removal.
• Plaque contains germs which attack the healthy tissue around the teeth.

This will cause the gums to become inflamed and irritated , which may
cause them to bleed when brushing or flossing.This is called Gingivitis and
is the first stage of gum disease.

• Gingivitis is usually a painless condition and bleeding gums may be the
only symptom.

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CAUSES OF BLEEDING GUMS.

1. Vigorous teeth brushing or flossing: Sometimes using a hard bristled
toothbrush, or rushing with floss, can cause injury to your gums which
may lead to bleeding

2. Gingivitis or Peridontitis: Gum disease occurs when bacteria in plaque
is not properly and regularly cleaned away, and can cause an infection
which leads to bleeding. An early gum infection is known as gingivitis and
if it is allowed to worsen it can develop into periodontitis.

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3. Medication: It is known that some drugs can lead to bleeding
gums, including blood thinners and medication for diabetes.

RISK FACTORS
• TOBACCO: Smoking or using tobacco can irritate the mouth

and so if you have even a mild gum infection or sore gums, this
can often worsen the condition.

• POOR DIET: The body needs vitamin C to maintain strong
tissues,Therefore if you have a deficiency in vit C than your
gums will become more vulnerable to infections as well as
bleeding caused by other factors.

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TREATMENT

TOOTHPASTE FOR BLEEDING GUMS:
You’ll Need:

Fluoride Toothpaste.
How To Do:

Brush your teeth with fluoride toothpaste to combat
the plaque on your gums.

Repeat this process twice a day after meals for best
results.

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• TEA TREE OIL FOR BLEEDING GUMS:
You’ll Need:

1-2 Drops Of Tea Tree Oil
1 TBSP Of Coconut Oil.

How To Do:
Mix both the oils well.
Massage this mixture gently into your gums.
Wait for 5-10 minutes & rinse your mouth with water.
Repeat this method twice daily.

• CLOVE OIL FOR BLEEDING GUMS:
You’ll Need:

2 Drops Of Clove Oil
1 TBSP Coconut Oil.

How To Do:
Mix clove oil with coconut oil.
Rub it directly on your bleeding gums.

wWww.DaulioMti x.fcoomr 5-10 minutes.
Repeat this at least twice daily.

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WHAT CAUSES BAD BREATH?
• In most cases, bad breath is caused by bacteria in the mouth breaking

down bits of food.
• Presistent bad breath is often a sign of gum disease.
• Eating strongly flavoured foods, such as onions and garlic can cause your

breath to smell unpleasant.
• Smoking and drinking a lot of alcohol can also cause bad breath.
• Occasionally, bad breath is the result of an infection or illness or taking

some kinds of medication.
REASONS FOR BAD BREATH

Bacterial Infection{GENGIVITIS,PERIODONTITIS}Caused By
Streptococcus mutans

CANDIDIASIS {Fungal Infection Caused By Fungus Orophyrangeal
candidiasis}

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XEROSTOMIA {dry mouth}
Decomposition Of Dead Cell That Accumulate In Tongue Gums And

Cheeks
Improper Cleaning Of Oral Cavity.
Smoking And Chewing Tobacco.

WHAT CAN YOU DO.
1 Good oral hygiene is usually enough to prevent and treat bad breath .
When you brush your teeth, try to brush the back of your tongue, where
it is harder to reach.
2 Your dentist can advice you on how to improve your oral health and
can refer you for further investigation if they think there may be another
cause for your bad breath.

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• SENSITIVE TEETH

PAIN OR DISCOMFORT IN THE TEETH AS A
RESPONSE TO CERTAIN STIMULI ,SUCH AS HOT OR
COLD TEMPERATURE

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SENSITIVE TOOTH
• Sometimes you wince when you take hot or cold foods. This may be a

sign of dentine hypersensitivity( sensitive teeth) caused by a couple of
things including tooth decay ( cavities), fracture teeth, worn out fillings,
gum disease, worn tooth enamel or exposed tooth root.

• The Dentin contains tiny tubes ( called tubules). When dentin loses its
protective covering of enamel or cementum these tubules allow heat /
cold, acidic or sticky foods to reach the nerves causing the sensitivity.

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• Sensitive teeth cause problems like sudden and severe pain
every time you eat or drink anything cold or hot, and if left
untreated, they can stop you from brushing and flossing
properly, leading to more sensitivity, decay, infection, and
even tooth, gum and bone loss.

• Worn enamel or loose teeth can be caused due to the habit of
tooth grinding, or aggressive tooth brushing.

• Tooth erosion may be caused due to highly acidic food and
beverages like alcohol, hot drinks, carbonated drinks, etc.

• The margin of the gum tissue wears away, exposing the
tooth root. It is called gum recession and it creates
sensation in the tooth while eating or drinking.

• Tooth decay may be caused by germs in your mouth that
dine at your teeth, eating away the enamel and causing a
hole called a cavity.

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What Causes Sensitive Teeth?
Brushing Your Teeth Aggressively
Tooth Decay and Cracked Teeth
Gum Recession
Eating Acidic Foods
Teeth Grinding or Clenching
Plaque Buildup
Major Dental Surgeries

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A. PRACTICE GOOD ORAL HYGIENE:
• Maintaining good oral hygiene is one of the most important

things you can do for your gums and teeth. Oral hygiene not
only ensures that you have a white smile but also it will also
protect your teeth from sensitivity by preserving enamel that
offers protection against gum recession.

• Choose a toothpaste that is best suited for your teeth. Your
oral hygiene routine greatly influences the health of your
teeth. Gently brush your teeth twice a day and use a soft
bristled brush to reduce the wearing down of your enamel.
Avoid harsh mouthwashes that provoke tooth sensitivity. Use
tooth whiteners with caution.

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B. LIMIT CONSUMPTION OF ACIDIC FOODS:

• A healthy diet decreases the chances of developing gum
disease while an unhealthy diet filled with sugary liquids and
foods can lead to cavities.

• The regular consumption of acidic food and beverages can
wear down tooth enamel and aggravate existing sensitivity.
Certain foods and beverages such as wine, soda, coffee, citrus
fruit juices, tomato sauce can really aggravate any existing
tooth sensitivity that you may have. In order to reduce direct
contact between acidic beverages and your teeth sip acidic
juices and drinks with a straw.

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C. VISIT YOUR DENTIST ON A REGULAR BASIS:
• Do not wait for your gums to become redder, puffier than

usual or bleed when your brush the teeth. By the time these
things happen it is probably too late. Your teeth area already
too sensitive.

• Schedule a visit with your dentist during particular intervals
in order to cure sensitivity if you are suffering with or to avoid
letting sensitivity hit your teeth.

• Schedule regular professional dental cleaning to protect your
teeth against gum recession, cavities and the development of
plaque that causes tooth sensitivity.

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D. COATINGS & DENTAL VARNISHES:
v Not all tooth sensitivity problems can be solved by using the
above mentioned strategies. Some people may require dental
interventions such as bondings, filling replacements, sealants or
even a root canal.
v There are also several varnishes and coatings that can be
applied by the dentist to relieve sensitive teeth. For example,
applying fluoride varnish the tiny holes in the tooth enamel can
be filled in order to reduce sensitivity.

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E] Eat Healthy Snacks: Also, you can snack on fiber-rich fruits &
vegetables such as cheese, milk and plain yogurt that will moisten
your mouth and help fight acid and bacteria thereby neutralizing
the effects of acidic substance.

F] Use fluoride rinse and floss your teeth everyday. Fluoride helps
prevent tooth decay by making the tooth more resistant to acid
attacks from plaque bacteria and sugars in the mouth. Rinsing
with a fluoride mouthwash once daily can decrease sensitivity.

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Fluoride Mouthwash
What to Do:

Rinse your mouth with 1 small cup of mouthwash.
Swish it for 1 or 2 minutes in your mouth and then spit it

out.
Do it twice daily.

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• Home remedies can also be helpful for treating sensitive teeth. Salt
water is one such solution. Rinsing your mouth with a solution of salt
and warm water will create an alkaline environment in the mouth
which helps eliminate the bacteria and thus relieves the pain.

• Guava Leaves
It has anti-inflammatory properties. Flavonoids contained in

guava leaves
helps in relieving sensitive tooth pain.

In case if you can’t find the guava leaves, you can use fresh
spinach as an
option.
What to do:

Take some guava leaves and wash them well before use.
Chew them for 1 to 2 minutes and spit it out.
Follow it 1 to 2 times daily.

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Dandruff is a skin condition that mainly affects the scalp.
• Symptoms include flaking and sometimes mild itchiness. A more severe

form of the condition which includes inflammation of the skin is known
as seborrhoeic dermatitis.

• The cause is unclear but believed to involve a number of genetic and
environmental factors. The condition may worsen in winters. The
underlying mechanism involves the over growth of skin cells.

• The typical treatment is with antifungal cream such as ketoconazole.
Onset is usually at puberty.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: The signs and symptoms of dandruff
are an itchy scalp and flakiness. Red and greasy patches of skin and a tingly
feeling on the skin are also symptoms.

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CAUSES:
• As the skin layers continually replace itself, cells are pushed

outwards where they die and flake off.
• For most individuals, these flakes of skin are too small to be

visible. However, certain conditions cause cell turnover to
be unusually rapid, especially in the scalp.

• It is hypothesized that for people with dandruff, skin cells
may mature and be shed in 2-7 days , as opposed to around
a month in people without dandruff.

• The result is that dead skin cells are shed in large, oily
clumps, which appears as white or grayish flakes on the
scalp, skin and clothes

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According to one study, dandruff has been shown to be possibly the result
of three factors:
1. Skin oil commonly referred to as sebum or sebaceous secretions.
2. The metabolic by- products of skin micro- organisms ( most specifically

Malassezia yeasts)
3. Individual susceptibility and allergy sensitivity.

MICROORGANISMS
• According to a 2016 study, bacteria ( mainly Propionibacterium and

staphylococcus ) are more important to dandruff formation than fungi.
• Bacterial presence was in turn influenced by water and sebum amount.
• It was discovered that the responsible agent is a scalp specific fungus,

Malassezia globosa, that metabolizes triglycerides present in sebum by
the expression of lipase, resulting in a lipid byproduct oleic acid.

• Oleic acid penetrates the top layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum,
and evokes an inflammatory response in susceptible people which
disturbs homeostasis and results in erratic cleavage of stratum corneum

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cells.

MECHANISM
• Dandruff scale is a cluster of corneocytes, which

have retained a large degree of cohesion with one
another and detach as such from the surface of the
stratum corneum.

• A corneocyte is a protein complex that is made of
tiny threads of keratin in an organized matrix. The
size and abundance of scales are heterogenous from
one site to another and over time.

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How to Get Rid of Dandruff
• Everyone wants clear and healthy scalp but unfortunately sometimes

dandruff attack on healthy scalp. Once dandruff occur on scalp it’s
difficult to remove it completely from there, no matter what product you
have used or treatment you take for this.

• Dandruff is enough to make your hairs rough and weak from the roots.
The best way to getting rid of dandruff is proper hair care of regime.

TREATMENT

ANTIFUNGALS
Antifungal treatments including ketoconazole, Zinc pyrithione and
selenium disulfide have been found to be effective.
Ciclopirox is used as anti- dandruff agent in most of the preparations

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• Antibacterial cleaners: sulfacetamide ( Rosanil), sodium
sulfacetamide and sulfur

• Cortisone shampoos: steroid shampoos in rinse off products
help decrease the inflammation and decrease itching.
Fluocinolone acetonide ( Capex) shampoo.
Clobetasol shampoo

• Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil is the best remedy for many hair and skin related problems.
Tea tree oil also knows as melaleuca oil or ti tree oil. it is the one of the
essential oil which are having camphoraceous odor. Tea tree oil is having
anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. Tea tree oil is effective
fungus that cause of dandruff. It’s also help in scalp itching problem which
are happens after dandruff.

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THANK YOU

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