NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM PPT/PDF

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Description

NASAL DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM

BY:
Dr. Sushil Raut

 

CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION

 ADVANTAGES

 FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS

 MECHANISMS AND PATHWAYS

 DELIVERY SYSTEMS

 ENHANCEMENT IN ABSORPTION

 APPLICATIONS

 EXAMPLES

 CONCLUSIONS

 REFERENCES

 

INTRODUCTION

In ancient times the Indian Ayurvedic system of
medicines used nasal route for administration of drug
and the process is called as “Nasya”

It has been used for local effects extensively in
decongestant and local activity. But, in recent times
intranasal drug delivery is being considered as a
preferred route of drug delivery for systemic
bioavailability

Various proteins & peptides have shown a good
bioavailability

 

Intranasal Drug Delivery
System: Advantages

 Its easy and convenient

 Can be easily administered to the unconscious patients

 Compared to oral medications, intranasal medication
delivery results in:
 Faster delivery to the blood stream and higher blood levels

 No destruction by stomach acid and intestinal enzymes

 No destruction by hepatic first pass metabolism

 Compared to IV medications, intranasal medication
delivery results in:
 Comparable blood levels depending on the drug and dose.

 

Fundamental Factors Affecting
Nasal Absorption

 Molecular weight: Absorption of drugs decreases as the
molecular weight of drug molecules increases. Mc Martin et
al reported a sharp decline in drug absorption having
molecular weight greater than 1000Dalton

 Lipophilicity

 Drug concentration: Absorption increases as
concentration of drug increases. 1-tyrosine shows increased
absorption at high concentration in rate..

 Particle size:
 Particle size 10-50 microns adheres best to the nasal

mucosa.

 

MECHANISMS

 Two mechanisms are found to be involved:
 Fast rate mechanism, which is lipophilicity dependent.

 Slow rate mechanism, which is dependent on molecular
weight.

Ex: Nasal delivery of insulin, manitol follows a transport
mechanism involving passive diffusion

While, absorption of water soluble molecules like sodium
cromoglycate take place by diffussion through aqueous
pores

 

PATHWAYS

Possible drug absorption pathways

 

DELIVERY SYSTEMS

 Various delivery systems are used like
Nasal spray

Nose drops

Aerosol spray

Metered dose nebulizer

 Saturated cotton pledget

The insufflators

Mucosal atomizer device (M.A.D)

Microspheres

 

ENHANCEMENT IN
ABSORPTION

 Use of absorption enhancers

 Increase in residence time

 Administration of drugs in the form of microspheres

 Various enhancers used

 Surfactants

 Phospholipids

 Chelaters

 Glycols

 Cyclodextrins

 Capable of increasing membrane fluidity and leaching of
proteins and lipids from the membrane

 

Applications of Intranasal Drug
Delivery

Nasal Delivery of Organic based Pharmaceuticals
e.g.: Progesterone, Estradiol, Testosterone, Hydralzine,

Propranolal, Cocain, Naloxon & Nitrogylcerine. These have
shown good Bioavailability by this route.

Water-soluble organic based compounds such as Sodium
cromoglycate were also found to be well absorbed.

Nasal Delivery of Peptide-Based Drugs
 As peptide based drugs are susceptible to hepatogastrointestinal

first pass elimination & instability, they show very low oral
bioavailability thus administered through nasal route.

 

EXAMPLES SHOWING DIFFERENT
DELIVERY SYSTEMS

MUCOSAL

TRADITIONAL & KURVE’S AUTOMIZATION

DELIVERY DEVICE (M.A.D)

 

EXAMPLES

Accuspray from BD
Medical–
Pharmaceutical
Systems is a single- INTRANASAL Naloxone
use nasal sprayer
for monodose or
bidose administration

 

Conclusions
 NDDS provides route of drug administration for drugs,

which degrade due to first pass metabolism

 Though it also poses many challenges such as low
absorption, toxicological problems, high dose
requirements etc.,, thus use of absorption enhancers is
proving to be useful increasing the absorption.

 Insulin is being extensively investigated for its nasal
absorption, which may prove a major turnaround in
diabetic’s treatment.

 With ongoing efforts to improve bioavailability of protein
and peptide drug through nasal route, the nasal route can
become the prime route for administration of protein
drugs..

 

Thank You