Pharmacy Exam

Guide

Step I

PHARMACEUTICS-I

(Physical

Pharmacy-I)  

st
1  Edition

(p1c1)

Pharmacy Orientation 1
 

Chapter 1 Pharmacy Orientation ……………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Chapter 2 History of Pharmacy …………………………………………………………………………………. 8
Chapter 3 Official Books of Pharmacy …………………………………………………………………….. 11
Chapter 4 Precipitation ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 13
Chapter 5 Crystallization …………………………………………………………………………………………. 15
Chapter 6 Distillation ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
Chapter 7 Miscellaneous Pharmaceutical Processes ……………………………………………….. 31
Chapter 8 Solution ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
Chapter 9 Solubility ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40
Chapter 10 Solubilization ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 44
Chapter 11 Surfactants ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
Chapter 12 Micellization ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 48

Chapter 13 Ionization ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
Chapter 14 Hydrolysis ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 56
Chapter 15 Micrometrics …………………………………………………………………………………………… 57
Chapter 16 Dispersed System …………………………………………………………………………………… 64
Chapter 17 Emulsion ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 74
Chapter 18 Suspensions …………………………………………………………………………………………… 79
Chapter 19 Adsorption ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 86
Chapter 20 Rheology ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 90
Chapter 21 Rate and Order of Reaction ……………………………………………………………………… 97
Chapter 22 Stability Studies ……………………………………………………………………………………. 101

Pharmacy Exam Guide 
 

Pharmacy Orientation 2
 

Chapter 1 PHARMACY ORIENTATION

1.1 PHARMACY
The art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs
and medicines is called Pharmacy

1.2 PHYSICAL PHARMACY 1.6 QUALITY CONTROL
Physical Pharmacy is associated with an area of

 Qualitative/quantitative
pharmacy that deals with the quantitative and

checks of RM, intermediate
theoretic principles of science as they apply to the

and finished products
practice of pharmacy.

 Tests are performed on
products 

1.3 INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY  Assay – determine the %

 The pharmaceutical industry is responsible purity of active ingredient

for the production of drugs, ensuring that
they are safe, effective and of high quality. 1.7 DRUG SALES AND MARKETING

 Pharmacist applies all the scientific
 Marketing  

knowledge & skill during production, storage
1. Product managers

and distribution operations.
2. Set policies/

 Services provided by the pharmacist in
targets for the

different departments of the industry are
sales team

research, medical information & monitoring
 Sales

products safety, regularity affairs, medical
1. Contact

script writing, manufacturing & quality
prescribers

control, supplies, management and many
regarding

other departments.
company’s
products

1.4 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ( R & D) 2. Explain products

 Formulation in detail

 Reformulation
 Drug-excipient Compatibility 1.8 DRUG ESTABLISHMENT

Testing
 Manufactures, imports,

 Determine proper route of
repacks, distributes

administration of drug
pharmaceuticals

 Product’s stability including
the proper packaging
material 1.9 DRUG MANUFACTURERS

 Innovations  With manufacturing
facilities, engaged in

1.5 PRODUCTION  production operations

 Conversion of raw
materials to finished
products.

 Supervises the operation,
GMP must be observed,
involved in planning
production.

1.10 DRUG TRADER 
 Registered owner of drug product

Pharmacy Exam Guide 
 

Pharmacy Orientation 3
 

 Procures the RM and packaging  Research activities both medical and
components pharmaceutical

 Provides production monograph, QC  Teaching Techniques ( inservice training
standard, procedures programs)

 Subcontracts a manufacturing lab  Pharmacy administration in hospital
 

1.11 DRUG DISTRIBUTOR/ IMPORTER 1.17 CLINICAL  PHARMACY
 Imports RM, active ingredients,  Recent innovation in Pharmacy Practice

finished product for its own use or (1970)
for wholesale distribution  Patient –oriented profession

1.12 DRUG DISTRIBUTOR/ EXPORTER 1.18 ACTIVITIES
 Exports RM, active ingredients,  Makes rounds with doctor,

finished product to other countries maintains patient histories,
monitors drug therapy, advises

1.13 DRUG DISTRIBUTOR/ WHOLESALE patient on drug use, side effects,
and drug interactions, ADR’s

 Procures RM, active ingredients,
 Direct pt involvement ( conducting

finished product from local admissions, discharge, interviews)
establishment for local distribution

 Drug Utilization Reviews, education
on whole sale basis to improve drug’s use

 
 US : Doctors write Rx; pharmacists

prescribe the medicine
1.14 HOSPITAL  PHARMACY  Important that clinical Pharmacist is

familiar with different lab tests and
 A department or service in hospital under

interpretation of results
the direction of competent pharmacist

 Associated with decreased hospital
 Pharmacists work with physiscians, nurses,

mortality rates, decreased drug
patient and other hospital personnel

cost, decreased length of stay of
 From which all medications are supplied to

patient
nursing units

 Pharmaceutical care – optimal use
 Part of the health care team.

of medications to achieve specific
outcomes that improve a patient’s

1.15 ACTIVITIES quality of life
 Compounding, provides stock medication, 

performs moderate scale manufacturing
(dermatologicals, TPN) 1.19 PATIENT-ORIENTED PHARMACIST

 Responsible for Drug control system in
CONSIDERS:

hospital
 Responsible for the professional care of the

pt regarding drug use
 Manager of hospital pharmacy
 Part of PTC, managing Drug Information

Service

1.16 HOSPITAL PHARRMACIST MUST BE

KNOWLEDGEABLE ON 

 Drugs  and their action
 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Program 
 Control procedure regarding

o QC (prep of TPN/ admixtures)
o Drug distribution through out the

hospital

Pharmacy Exam Guide 
 

Pharmacy Orientation 4
 

1.23 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
 Discovery/ isolation of new drugs

for treating diseases
 The development of better drugs

through chemical modification
 Examples:        

  Amoxicillin                        Co-amoxiclav
     Diuretics                         K sparing diuretics

1.24 PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNALISM
 Gifted with writing and editing

talents
 

 Magazines, brochures, newsletter
about different drugs for marketing

1.20 BARRIERS TO CLINICAL PHARMACY purposes
PRACTICE

 Lack of interest of top mgnagement  1.25 MANAGEMENT
 Higher costs
 Other professionals are unhappy 1.26 ORAGANIZATION MANAGEMENT
 Lack of incentive for pharmacist
 Lack of training/ specializing areas  Pharmacist can work as manager in

to develop expertise differnent departments of Industry,
Hospital, Pharmacy and many other
Govt. or Private institutions.

1.21 DRUG WHOLESALE
 Pharmacists are working as officers

of diffrent recognized associations
1.21.1.1 DRUG WHOLESALING  Pharmacist can organize different

 Important part of distributive workshops and seminars to keep
scheme, provides mechanism to pharmacists abreast with latest
obtain various products information in drug treatment and
manufactured by different labs from technology
single agency

 Less hazards in stock handling, 1.27 GOVERNMENT SERVICES
record keeping and bill paying for
the retailer

 1.28 PHARMACIST IN GOVERNMENT

SERVICE
 Officer in Army, Navy, Air force
 Hospital pharmacist

  Ministry of Health (licensing ,
inspection, registration)

1.22 PHARMACY EDUCATION  Drug Regulatory Authority and drug
registration

 Most important segment of  Drug testing laboratory (analyst,
pharmacy microbiologist)

 Represented by colleges of  Consultant ( mental health, family
pharmacy planning, pollution, poisons, self-

 Responsible for the nature and medication, immunization)
quality of pharmaceutical education

 Knowledge of diffrent physical, 1.29 FORENSIC PHARMACY 
biological sciences qualifies a
pharmacist to teach  It is related to the pharmacist’s skills used to

 Masteral/ Doctoral degree help the medico legal problems such as DNA
test, Semen test or legal emergencies.

Pharmacy Exam Guide 
 

Pharmacy Orientation 5
 

1.30 NUCLEAR PHARMACY important role in decreasing the mortality
and morbidity in the public. 

 Nuclear pharmacy focuses on preparing
radioactive isotopes for diagnostic tests & for 1.37 TYPE OF PHARMACY
treating certain diseases.

 Nuclear pharmacists undergo additional
training specifically to handle the radioactive 1.37.1.1 CHAIN   
isotopes, unlike in community & hospital       E.g. GUARDIAN, WATSON, CLINIX, FAZAL

pharmacies. DIN & SONS

1.31  1.37.1.2 INDEPENDENT
      E.g. Green Pharmacy, Decent Pharmacy
etc.

1.32 MEDICAL COMMUNICATION
1.38 NATURE OF BUSINESS

1.33 MEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS
 Newest/ rapidly developing 1.38.1.1 RETAIL   

field  sell direct to end user/customer
 Computer handling of  Pharmacy license from Ministry of Health

medical data
1.39 WHOLESALE 

1.34 COMMUNITY/ RETAIL PHARMACY  supply to other retailers, General

H Practitioners (Clinics), Hospitals etc
ISTORY

 Wholesale License from Ministry of Health
Community pharmacy was also named as: