Soaps and syndet bars,labelling
requirements for cosmetics
Associate professor
Department of pharmaceutics
(mpharm 1 sem)
Department of pharmaceutics
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SOAPS
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. When triglycerides
in fat/oil react with aqueous NAOH or KOH, they are converted into soap and
glycerol. This is called alkaline hydrolysis of esters. Since this reaction leads to the
formation of soap, it is called the saponification process.
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SYNDETBARS
The word “syndet” is derived from “synthetic” combined
with “detergent”. Technically it refers to the binding that
occurs between different detergents, also called
surfactants or tensioactive agents .Syndet soap surfactants
are derived from oils, fats, or petroleum products that are
processed in a wide range of chemical processes other
than traditional saponification.
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RAW MATERIALS
FATS AND OILS-
➢Fat mixture containing saturated and unsaturated , long and short chain fatty acid in
suitable proportion are used .Saturated fatty acids with 12 to 18 carbon atoms are used .
➢E.g. Lauric, myristic , palmitic , stearic and oleic acid
➢Fish oils, palm oil and coconut oil are also used in preparation of soaps.
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ALKALIS
➢Caustic soda is used as a raw material in the preparation of soap.
➢Caustic potash is used in making soft soaps
➢Potassium carbonate and soda ash are used to saponify fatty acids
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ADDITIVES USED
• Antioxidants: these are used to stabilize the soap against rancidity.
• E.g. Sodium silicate, sodium hyposulphite, sodium thiosulphate.
• Whiteners: titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are used to improve whiteness.
• Perfumes : the PH of the soap is around 10.0. The selected perfume should be stable
in this PH range
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FORMULATION
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OTHER TYPES OF SOAPS
➢Transparent soaps
➢Bathing bar
➢Castile soap
➢Super fatted soaps
➢Carbolic and carbonated soaps
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SYNDETBARS
Often referred to as “syndet bars” or “soap-free“ soaps,
these use synthetic – and usually milder – surfactants such
as sodium cocyl isethionate (which is derived from
coconuts) or sodium palmitate. Since they utilize less
alkaline salts in their surfactants, these have a much
lower PH, which makes them less irritating. Dove, the very
first syndet bar introduced in 1955, is made primarily from
sodium lauryl isethionate but contains sodium tallowate
and palmitate too.
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SYNDETBARS
Ingredients used:
➢Sodium cocoyl isethionate (the most widely used)
➢Sulfosuccinates
➢Alpha olefin sulfonates
➢Alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate
➢Sodium cocoyl monoglyceride sulphate
➢Betaines
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SOAP VS SYNDETBARS
➢Soap is extremely effective in cleansing the skin. It strips away everything, including
skin’s natural oils. Soaps are known to be harsh and its use can damage skin layers
that regulate the hydration of the skin.. Soap bars also have a PH ranging from 9 to
10, making it more alkaline in comparison to the skin which has a slightly acidic PH
from 5 to 6.
➢Syndet bars are mild and cause less damage to the skin. The PH of syndet bars are
usually around 5.5, which is very similar to the natural PH of the skin. These bars
are effective cleansers, cause minimal damage to skin layers, and do not have the
harsh stripping effects of regular soap.
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LABELING – OBJECTIVE
•To provide information for the
consumers to make an informed choice
•To assist the regulators in carrying
out surveillance activities
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LABELING MEANS…
Information written; printed; or graphic
matter on the immediate or outer packaging
and any form of leaflet.
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LABELING REQUIREMENTS
Product name and its function*
Name of Cosmetic Product
The name given to a cosmetic product, which may be an
invented name, together with a trade mark or the name of the
manufacturer.
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LABELING REQUIREMENTS
Use instruction*
* unless it is clear from the presentation of the product.
Country of manufacture
Example:
Made in China Manufactured in USA
Country of origin: Thailand
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LABELING REQUIREMENTS
The name and address of the company.
The contents given by weight or volume
– metric or both metric and imperial unit
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LABELING REQUIREMENTS
Manufacturing date and expiry date
Example: Month/year
Year/month
Registration number
Batch number
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LABELING REQUIREMENTS
Special precautions to be observed in use.
– mandatory*
-manufacturer’s recommendation
-Note:
Mandatory – Listed in the column “Conditions of use and
warnings which must be printed on the label” in Annex III Part 1.
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LABELING REQUIREMENTS
ADDITIONAL STATEMENT(S)
Mandatory
Declaration of ingredients from bovine and/or porcine origin.
Example :
This product contains ingredient of pork origin /
beef origin.
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LABELING REQUIREMENTS
•Full ingredients listing
•Standard reference for nomenclature
•Botanicals and plant extracts
•genus and species
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LABELING REQUIREMENTS
•’HOW TO List the Ingredients’
• List all ingredients in descending order of concentration.
• Ingredients with a concentration below 1% can be listed at
random, after other ingredients.
• Colorants may be listed in any order, after all the other
ingredients.
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NOT REGARDED AS INGREDIENTS…
•impurities in the raw materials used.
•subsidiary technical materials used in the preparation but not
present in the final product.
•materials used in strictly necessary quantity as solvents, or
as carriers for perfume and aromatic compositions.
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SMALL / ODD SIZE PACKAGING
•Minimum requirements on immediate
packaging
•name of cosmetic product
•batch number
•Other information
•Display on leaflets, pamphlets, hang tags,
display panel, shrink wraps, etc.
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DEFINITIONS
•Immediate Packaging
•The container or other form of packaging immediately
in contact with the cosmetic product.
•Outer Packaging
•The packaging into which is placed the immediate
packaging.
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COMPANY’S RESPONSIBILITIES
•Premise/ Re-labeling Area
•Must be of reasonable size.
•Must be clean and free from any pests.
•Personnel
•Trained and able to conduct re-labeling exercise as
directed.
•Good personal hygiene
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COMPANY’S RESPONSIBILITIES
•Process
•Appropriate re-labeling procedures.
•Appropriate segregation and line clearance
system.
•Systematic documentation*.
•Use appropriate equipment and necessary items for
re-labeling exercise.
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LABELING REQUIREMENTS
SUMMARY
• Product name and its function Use
• instructions
• Country of Manufacture
• The name and address of the company
• The content (weight or volume) Manufacturing
• date or expiry date Registration number
• Batch Number
• Full ingredient listing
• Any additional statements
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REFERENCES
1. Harry’s Cosmeticology, Volume 1 Of 2, 8th Edition, Published By Chemical
Publishing Co. Inc. New York.
2. Poucher’s Perfume Cosmetics And Soaps, 10th Edition.
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