HAEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM &
LYMPHOID SYSTEM
Hematopoiesis
ERYTHROPOIESIS: Erythroid Precursors
(1) Rubriblast (Multipication )
(2) Prorubricyte
(3) basophilic rubricyte
(4) polychromatophilic rubricyte
(5 & G) metarubricyte
(E & Arrow) Reticulocyte
() RBC.
Reticulocytes
ERYTHRON
ABNORMAL CONCENTRATIONS
ANEMIA / ANAEMIA /OLIGOCYTHEMIA
• Anemia refers to subnormal red blood cell
mass
– Decreased erythrocyte concentration [106/µl]
– Hematocrit [%], or Packed cell volume [PCV,%])
– Hemoglobin concentration (g/dL)
ANEMIA – Classification
ANEMIA – Clinical Sign
A. On basis Bone Marrow Response:
Regenerative
Non Regenerative
B. On basis of RBC size & Hb Concentration
Normocytic
Microcytic
Macrocytic
Normochromic
Hypochromic
C. On basis of Etiology
Production is low but destruction is normal:
Dyshaemopoietic anaemia
Production is normal but destruction is high: This is seen in
haemolytic and haemorrhagic anemia.
Heinz bodies
Hemophilia
POLYCYTHEMIA
Poikilocytosis
Agglutination
Rouleaux formations
LEUCOCYTES
Neutrophils
polymorphonuclear
leukocytes
PMNs
NEUTROPHIL KINETICS
Eosinophils
Basophils
Platelet Evaluation
Lymphoid Organs
❶Primary: sites at which the cellular components of the
immune system are formed.
1. Thymus
2. Bone Marrow / Bursa of Fabricius
❷Secondary: responsible for the immune
responses
– production of antibody and cell-mediated immunity
1. Spleen
2. lymph nodes
3. lymph nodules / MALT
4. Harderian gland in birds