HYPEREMIA AND CONGESTION
Hemodynamic Disorders
Acute General Active Hyperemia
Congestion (Passive Hyperaemia )
Acute Local Active Hyperemia
Acute General Passive Hyperaemia
Pulmonary (Lung) Congestion
Chronic General Passive Hyperaemia
Hepatic (Liver) Congestion
●EDEMA
Mechanisms of Edema
1. Increased hydrostatic pressure (venous)
2. Decreased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure
3. Lymphatic obstruction
4. Sodium and Water Retention
5. Increased Vascular Permeability / Endothelial damage