Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Act 1960
Contents
• Objectives, establishment, constitution and functions of
Animal Welfare Board of India.
• CPSCEA guidelines. Procedures to be followed during animal
experimentation. Offences and penalties
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Learning objectives
At the end of this lecture, the student will be able to:
•Explain the objectives of the act
•Describe the constitution and functions of Animal Welfare
Board of India
•Describe the constitution and functions of Animal
experimentation committee
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CPCSEA GUIDELINES
•The Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of
Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) is a statutory Committee,
which is established under Chapter 4, Section 15(1) of the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960
• India is one of the pioneering countries to institute Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals Act in 1960 whereas such Act was instituted
in France in 1963 and in USA in 1966.
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OBJECTIVES
The goal of these Guidelines is to promote the humane care of
animals used in biomedical and behavioral research and testing
with the basic objective of providing specifications that will
enhance animal well-being, quality in the pursuit of
advancement of biological knowledge that is relevant to humans
and animals
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The main functions of CPCSEA are:
1. Registration of establishments conducting animal
experimentation or breeding of animals for this purpose
2. Selection and assignment of nominees for the Institutional
Animal Ethics Committees of the registered establishments
3. Approval of Animal House Facilities on the basis of reports
of inspections conducted by CPCSEA
4. Permission for conducting experiments involving use of
animals
5. Recommendation for import of animals for use in
experiments
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The main functions of CPCSEA are:
6. Action against establishments in case of established
violation of any legal norm/stipulation
7. Conduct of Training Programmes for the Nominees of
CPCSEA
8. Conduct / Support of Conference / workshop on Animal
Ethics
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Constitution
•2 members each from ICMR, ICAR, CSIR nominated by the
central govt.
•2 members representing universities granting medical and
veterinary degrees nominated by the central govt.
•1 member of the Lok Sabha and 1 of the Rajya Sabha to be
elected by the houses respectively
•5 non- officials representing persons actively engaged in the
promotion of animal welfare nominated by the central
government
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CORE MEMBERS
Hon. Smt. Maneka Gandhi – drafted under chairperson,
CPCSEA
Mr. A.K.Joshi – Member Secretary, CPCSEA
Subcommittee members
Dr. Manju Sharma – secretary, department of
biotechnology
Members
Dr. Vasanth muthuswamy- Sr. DDG, Indian Council Of
Medical Research
Dr. Lal Krishna – ADG,(AH) ICAR, New Delhi
Dr. S.S. Murugan – SGS India private limited, Chennai
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Quarantine, stabilization and separation
Quarantine-
➢ Separation of newly received animals from those already in
the facility until the health and possibly the microbial status of
newly received animal have been determine.
➢ A minimum duration of quarantine for small animal-1 week
and for larger animal-6 week (acclimatization)
➢ Physiologic, psychological and nutritional stabilization should
be given before their use.
➢ Duration of stabilization will depend on type and duration of
animal transportatiwownw ,. DaunlodM sixp.ceocmies of animal. 10
Separation-
➢ Physical separation of animal by species is recommended to
prevent interspecies disease transmission and to eliminate
anxiety and possible physiological and behavioural changes
due to interspecies conflict.
➢ Housing different species in separate room.
➢ It shall be acceptable to house different species in the same
room only if they have a similar pathogen status and are
behaviourally compatible.
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Surveillance, Diagnosis, Treatment and Control
of disease
➢ All animal should be observed for signs of illness, injury, or
abnormal behaviour by animal house staff.
➢ Animals that show signs of a contagious disease should be
isolated from healthy animals in the colony.
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Animal care and technical personnel
• Animal care require technical and husbandry support.
• Institution should employ people trained in laboratory animal
or provide for both formal and on the job training to ensure
effective implementation of the program.
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Personal hygiene
➢ Animal care staff maintain a high standard of personal
cleanliness.
➢ Clothing suitable for use in the animal facility should be
supplied and laundered by the institution .
➢ It acceptable to use disposable gear such as gloves, masks,
head covers, coats, coveralls and shoe covers.
➢ Person should change clothing as often as is necessary to
maintain personal hygiene.
➢ Personnel should not be permitted to eat, drink, smoke or
apply cosmetic in animal rooms.
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Multiple surgical procedures on single animal
Multiple surgical procedures on a single animal for any testing or
experiment are not to be practiced unless specified in a
protocol only approved by the IAEC.
Durations of experiments
No animal should be used for experimentation for more than 3
years unless adequate justification is provided.
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Physical restraint
➢ Restraint devices cannot be
used simply as a convenience in
handling or managing animals.
➢ The period of restraint should
be the minimum required to
accomplish the research
objectives.
➢ Provision should be made for
observation of the animal at
appropriate intervwawlsw.DuloMix.com 16
Physical relationship of animal facilities of
laboratories
➢ Animal shall be housed in an isolated building located as far
away from human habitations as possible and not exposed
to dust, smoke, noise, wild rodent, insects and birds.
➢ This separation can be accomplished by having the animal
quarters in a separate building, wing, floor or room.
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➢ The animal room should occupy about 50-60% of the total
constructed area and the remaining area should be utilized
for service such as stores, washing, office and staff, machine
rooms, quarantine and corridors.
➢ Since animals are very sensitive to environmental changes,
sharp fluctuations in temperature, humidity, light, sound and
ventilation should be avoided.
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PHYSICAL FACILITIES
➢ BUILDING MATERIALS- moisture-proof, fire-resistant, seamless materials are
most desirable for interior surfaces including vermin and pest resistance.
➢ CORRIDOR- wide enough to facilitate the movement of personnel as well as
equipments and should be kept clean.
➢ UTILITIES- water lines, drain pipes and electrical connection
➢ ANIMAL ROOM DOORS- rust, vermin and dust proof. it properly within their
frames and provided with an observation window.
➢ FLOORS- smooth, moisture proof, non-absorbent, skid-proof, resistant to
wear, acid, solvents, adverse effects of detergents and disinfectants. Capable
of supporting racks, equipment and stored items without becoming gouged,
cracked, or pitted.
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➢ DRAINS- floor drains are not essential in all rooms used
exclusively for housing rodents.
➢ WALLS & CEILINGS- free of cracks, unsealed utility penetrations,
or imperfect junction with doors, ceilings, floors and corners.
➢ STORAGE AREAS- separate storage areas should be designed for
feed, bedding, cages and materials not in use.
➢ FACILITIES FOR SANITIZING EQUIPMET AND SUPPLIES- an area
for sanitizing cages and ancillary equipment is essential with
adequate water supply.
➢ EXPERIMENTAL AREA- should be carried out in a separate area
from the place whewrew awn.DiumloaMlisx .acorme housed. 20
ENVIRONMENT
➢TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROL-
▪ air conditioning
▪ temperature with in the range of 64.4-84 o F
▪ relative humidity- 30-70% throughout the year
▪ for large animal comfortable zone-18-37˚c
➢POWER & LIGHTING-
▪ the electrical system should be safe and provide
appropriate lighting and a sufficient no. of power outlets.
▪ A time control light system should be used.
➢NOISE CONTROL- noise free environment
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FOOD
➢ Should be fed palatable, non-contaminated and nutritionally
adequate food.
➢ Feeders should allow easy access to food while avoiding
contamination by urine and faeces.
➢ Food should be available in amounts sufficient to ensure
normal growth in immature animals and maintenance of
normal body weight, reproduction and lactations in adults.
➢ Areas in which diets are stored should be kept clean and
enclosed to prevent entry of insects or other animals.
➢ Diet should be free from heavy metals.
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WATER
➢ Fresh
➢ Potable
➢ Uncontaminated
WATER DISPOSAL
The most preferred method of waste disposal is incineration.
If wastes must be stored before removal , the waste storage
area should be separated from other storage facilities and
free of flies, cockroaches, rodents and other vermin.
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PEST CONTROL
Programs designed to prevent, control, or eliminate the
presence of or infestations by pests are essential in an animal
environment
EMERGENCY, WEEKEND AND HOLIDAY CARE
Animal should be cared for by qualified personnel every day,
including weekends and holidays, to safeguards their well-
being including emergency veterinary care.
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RECORD KEEPING
➢ Animal house plans
➢ Animal house staff record
➢ Health record of staff/animals
➢ All SOPs relevant to the animals
➢ Breeding, stock, purchase and sales records
➢ Minutes of institute animals ethics committee meetings
➢ Records of experiments conducted with the no. of animals
used
➢ Death record
➢ Clinical record of sick animals training record of staff involved
in animal activities
➢ Water analysis report
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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ( SOPS)/
GUIDELINES
Maintain SOPs describing procedures/ methods adapted with
regard to animal husbandry, maintenance, breeding, animal
house microbial analysis and experimentation record.
SOPs should contain following items-
➢ Name of author
➢ Title of SOP
➢ Date of preparation
➢ Reference of previous SOP on the same subject and date
➢ Location and distribution of SOPs with sign of each recipient
➢ Objectives
➢ Detailed information of the instruments used in relation with
animals
➢ Normal value of all parameters.
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TRANSPORT OF LABORATORY ANIMALS
The main considerations for transport of animals are the
mode of transport, the containers, the animal density in
cages, food and water during transit, protection from transit
infection, injuries and stress.
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ANAESTHESIA
➢ Sedatives, analgesics and anaesthetics should be used to
control pain or distress under experiment
➢ Before use actual anaesthetics the animals is prepared for
anaesthesia by over night fasting and using pre-anaesthetics.
➢ Local or general anaesthetics may be used depending on type
of surgical procedure.
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DISPOSAL
• The transgenic and knockout animal should be first
euthanized and then disposed off as prescribed elsewhere in
the guidelines
• A record of disposal and the manner of disposal should be
kept as a matter of routine
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Procedures to be followed
•When the experiments are performed by the institutions, their
heads shall be responsible for fulfilling the objectives of the act
•Where individuals run any experiment on animals, they shall be
individually responsible for avoidance of cruelty
•The experiments should be performed while the animals are
under the influence of an anesthetic and if the recovery of the
animal involves serious suffering, it should be destroyed
•If possible use a small animal for an experiment and where
possible replace animal with models, films, cell lines etc.
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Procedures to be followed
•The animals intended to be used for experiments should be
properly cared for before and after experiments and record of
experiments performed should be maintained
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Offences and penalties
•If any person contravens any conditions imposed by the
committee, he may be punished with a fine extending upto Rs.
200
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Summary
• CPCSEA: Committee for the Purpose of Control And
Supervision of Experiments on Animals
•Committee supervises experimentation on animals
•Stipulates procedures to followed while carrying out
experimentation on animals
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Thank You
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