NATIONAL WATERSUPPLY
AND RURAL SANITATION
PROGRAMME

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN
INDIA
➢ Drinking water supply and sanitation facilities are
very important and crucial for achieving the goal of
“HEALTH FORALL”.
➢ According to WHO, “poor sanitation and inadequate
sewage disposal the nation’s
problems.”

biggest public health

Contd.….
➢ Approximately 80-90% of

untreated sewage

is

discharged directly into rivers and streams, the main
source water supply in cities. Human faeces remains
one of the world’s most dangerous pollutants,
spreading microbes that causes typhoid, cholera,
diarrheal illness, amoebic dysentery and other

virulent disease.

STATUS IN INDIA
URBAN RURAL TOTAL
➢ Improved water source : 96%

➢ Improved sanitation

: 54%

84%

21%

88%

31%

SERVICE QUALITY
➢ WATER SUPPLY CONTINUITY
According to INDIAN NORMS, access to improved
water supply exists if at least 40 liter/ capita / day of safe
drinking water are provided within a distance of 1.6km
or 100 meter of elevation difference, to be relaxed as per
field conditions. There should be at least one pump per

250 persons.

➢ SANITATION
In 2010, the UN estimated based on India statistics that
626 million people practice open defecation.
In June 2012, minister of rural development JAIRAM

RAMESH stated India is the words largests “ open air
toilet.”
Of the 2.5 Billion people in the world that defecate
openly, some 665 Million live in India.

➢ ENVIRONMENT
As of 2003, it was estimated that only 27% of India’s
waste water was being treated, with the remainder
flowing into rivers, canals, ground water or the sea.

RIVER GANGES -INDIA

HEALTH IMPACT
➢ The lack of adequate sanitation and safe water has
significant negative health impacts including diarrhea,
chronic diseases, respiratory problems, skin disorders,
allergies, headaches and eye infections.

RESPONSIBILTY FOR WATER
SUPPLY AND SANITATION
➢ Water supply and sanitation is a state responsibility
under the INDIAN CONSTITUTION.
➢ State may give the responsibility to the Panchayati Raj
Institutions (PRI) in rural areas.
➢ In urban areas, responsibility is given to the
municipalities, called Urban Local Bodies (ULB).

POLICY AND REGULATION
➢ The responsibility for water supply and sanitation at
the central and state level is shared by various
ministries. At the central level three ministries have
responsibilities in the sector.

1) The Ministry Of Drinking Water And Sanitation
2) The Ministry Of Housing And Urban Poverty
Alleviation
3) The Ministry Of Urban Development.

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT – INDIA
➢ 1954 – National Water Supply And Sanitation
Programme
➢ 1972 – ARWSP (Accelerated Rural Water Supply
Programme)

➢ 1981 – International Drinking Water Supply And

Sanitation Programme
➢ 2002 – Swajaldhara

➢ 2008 – National Urban Sanitation Policy

NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND
SANITATION PROGRAMME
➢ It was initiated in 1954.
➢ Objective :
To providing safe water supply and adequate drainage

facilities for the entire urban and rural population of the
country.

➢ Targets :
a) 100% urban and rural water supply.
b) 50% urban sanitation.

c) 25% rural sanitation.

ARWSP (ACCELERATED RURAL
WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMME)
➢ In 1972, a special programme known as “ARWSP”
was started as supplement to the national water
supply and sanitation programme.
➢ The central government supports the efforts of the
states

in

identifying

assistance underARWSP.

problem

villages

through

➢ A ‘Problem village’ has been defined as one where no

source of safe water is available within a distance of
1.6 km / 15 m deep, or where source has excess salinity
iron, fluorides & other toxic elements, or where water
is exposed to the risk of cholera.

INTERNATIONAL DRINKING
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
PROGRAMME
➢ It was launched in 1981 by the government of India.
➢ Targets were set on coverage – 100% coverage for
water, both urban and rural, 80% for urban
sanitation and 25% for rural sanitation.

➢ The stipulated norm of water supply is 40 litres of safe
drinking water per capita per day.

➢ At least one hand pump/ spot source for every 250

persons.

➢ Adopt proper environmental practices including
disposal of garbage, refuse and waste water.

➢ To convert all existing dry latrines into low cost
sanitary latrines.

SWAJALDHARA
➢ It was launched in 25th dec. 2002. It has certain reform
principles which needed to be adhered by the states
governments.
➢ AIMS
To provide safe drinking water in rural areas, with full
ownership of the community, building awareness among the

village community on the management of drinking water
projects, including better hygiene practices and encouraging
water

conservation

harvesting.

practices

along

with

rainwater

➢ Swajaldhara has two components :
1. Swajaldhara 1 (first dhara) : is for gram panchayat
or a group of panchayat (at block / tehsil level).

2. Swajaldhara 2 (second dhara) : has district as the
project area.

ACTIVITIES
➢ Plan , implement , operate , maintain and manage all
water supply and sanitation programme.
➢ Conversation measures :
A. Rain water harvesting

B. Ground water recharge system

NATIONAL URBAN SANITATION
POLICY
➢ In November 2008 , the government of India launched a

National Urban Sanitation policy.
➢ GOAL:- The main goal of this policy is creating “ totally

sanitized cities” that are
– to treat all waste water
– to make free from open defecation
– to eliminate manual scavenging

– to collect and dispose solid waste safety.

THANK YOU