Pharmacology-I (Theory)

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Course Code: BP404T

Course Title: Pharmacology-I (Theory)

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The objectives of the course are:

• To impart adequate knowledge and scientific information regarding basic
principles of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics (including
cosmetics), Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy (including Herbal drugs) to
develop and evaluate dosage forms

• To enhance the understanding of practical techniques to enable the
synthesis, manufacture and analysis of various formulations and herbal
medicines

• To impart adequate knowledge of practical aspects of Pharmacological
screening, biological standardization and in-vivo interactions to ensure
the safety and efficacy of the formulations

• To impart adequate knowledge of practical aspects to deliver quality
assured products as per the Pharmacopoeial standards

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The objectives of the programme are:

• To provide adequate knowledge of practical aspects of product detailing
to optimize the marketing of Pharmaceutical products

• To enable the student to maintain a high standard of ethics and conduct
in professional career

• To facilitate the student to develop an attitude to seek lifelong learning
to update the knowledge and professional skills

• To enable the student to cope in various situations, irrespective of the
different cultures or constraints involved and develop leadership and
entrepreneurial skills

• To provide adequate knowledge about the Human Anatomy and
Physiology & to facilitate their understanding of various body systems

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Why This Course
• The Pharmacology I course presents the fundamentals of drugs and their

Pharmacology
• Includes drugs acting on autonomic nervous system, central nervous

system and kidney
• Highlight Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of individual drugs
• Emphasis the mechanism of action, pharmacological action, adverse drug

interactions, drug interactions and uses of drug
• Includes pre-clinical and clinical evaluations in the development of new

drugs

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Course Aim and Summary

• The aim of this course is to educate students on drugs and their
actions on the human body and their therapeutic applications. This
course facilitates students to gain better understanding on
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs and to
preparemthem for further study in the course discipline

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Course Intended Learning Outcomes
• After undergoing this course students will be able to:

Sr no. Intended Learning Outcome

1 Define the terminologies used in pharmacology

2 Explain the pharmacokinetics and mechanism of drug action at organ system/sub
cellular/macromolecular levels

3 Outline the stages of drug development

4 Explain the pharmacology of drugs acting on Nervous System

5 Recognize adverse drug reactions and drug interactions

6 Discuss drug mechanisms and their relevance in the treatment of diseases

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Course Content
General Pharmacology
a. Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition, historical landmarks and scope of

pharmacology, nature and source of drugs, essential drugs concept and routes of
drug administration, Agonists, antagonists( competitive and non competitive),
spare receptors, addiction, tolerance, dependence, tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy,
allergy.

b. Pharmacokinetics- Membrane transport, absorption, distribution, metabolism and
excretion of drugs:Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, kinetics of elimination

General Pharmacology
• Pharmacodynamics- Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Receptor theories

and classification of receptors, regulation of receptors. drug receptors interactions
signal transduction mechanisms, G-protein– coupled receptors, ion channel
receptor, transmembrane enzyme linked receptors, transmembrane JAK-STAT
binding receptor and receptors that regulate transcription factors, dose
response,relationship, therapeutic index, combined effects of drugs and factors
modifying drug action.

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Course Content cont..
b. Adverse drug reactions
c. Drug interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics)
d. Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs -Drug discovery phase,

preclinical evaluation phase, clinical trial phase, phases of clinical trials and
pharmacovigilance

Pharmacology of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system
a. Organization and function of ANS
b.Neurohumoral transmission, co-transmission and classification of

neurotransmitters
c. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, sympatholytics.
d. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral). e.

Local anesthetic agents
f. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma

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Course Content cont..
Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system
a.Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S.special emphasis on importance of

various neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin,
dopamine

b. General anesthetics and pre-anesthetics
c. Sedatives, hypnotics and centrally acting muscle relaxants
d. Anti-epileptics
e. Alcohols and disulfiram
Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system
a.Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety

agents, anti-maniacs and hallucinogens.
b. Drugs used in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease
c. CNS stimulants and nootropics
d. Opioid analgesics and antagonists
e. Drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance and dependence

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Method of Assessment
• There are two components for assessment in this course:

• Component – 1: 25 Marks (CE)

• It has 3 sub components

• Part 1A: Attendance: 04 Marks

• Part 1B: Assignment : 06 Marks

• Part 1C: Sessional Examinations : 15 Marks

• Student is required to submit 1 word processed assignment which is set for 12

marks at the end of 14th week and the marks scored will be reduced to 6 marks.

• Two sessional exams (each for 30 marks) of 1 hour duration will be conducted,

one at the end of 6th week and the other at the end of the 12th week. The

average of the 2 sessional marks reduced to 15 will be the marks scored in the

Sessional Examination.
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Method of Assessment

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Method of Assessment Contd..
• Component – 2 : 75 Marks (SEE)
• A 3 hour duration Semester End Examination will be conducted for maximum marks

of 75.
• The assessment questions are set to test the learning outcomes. In each

component certain learning outcomes are assessed. The following table illustrates
the focus of learning

•Both components will bwewmwo.DdueloraMtiex.dcobmy a second examine12r.

 

References
Essential Reading
1. Class notes
2. Rang,M.P., Dale,M.M. and Riter, J.M. (2015) Pharmacology.8thedn. China: Churchill

Livingstone.
3. Katzung, B. G. (2009) Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.11thedn.NewDelhi:Tata

McGrawHill.
4. Tripathi, K.D. (2013) Essentials of Medical Pharmacology.7th edn. New Delhi: Jaypee

Brothers.
5. Sharma, H. L. and Sharma, K. K. (2011) Principles of Pharmacology. 2nd edn. New Delhi:

Paras Publishing.

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References

• Recommended Reading
• 1. Rang, M. P., Dale, M. M. and Riter, J.M. (2015) Pharmacology. 8thedn. China:

Churchill Livingstone.
• 2. Katzung, B.G. (2009) Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.11thedn. New Delhi: Tata

McGraw Hill.
• 3. Goodman, L. S., Gilman, A., Brunton, L. L., Lazo, J. S. and Parker, K. L.(ed.) (2011)

Goodman and
• Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th edn. New York: McGraw Hill

Education.
• 4. Marry Anne, K. K., Lloyd Yee, Y., Brian, K. A., Robbin, L.C., Joseph, G. B., Wayne, A. K.,

Bradley, R.W. (2011) Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs. 10th edn., USA:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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5. Michelle, A. C., Richard, F., Jose, A. R. and Karen, W. (ed.) (2011)
Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology. 5th edn. China:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

6. Tripathi, K.D. (2013) Essentials of MedicalPharmacology.7th edn.
New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers.

7. Sharma, H. L. and Sharma, K. K. (2011) Principles of Pharmacology.
2nd edn. New Delhi: Paras Publishing.

8. Stitzel, R. E., Craig, C. R. (2012) Modern Pharmacology with Cinical
Applications. 6th edn. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

9. Ghosh, M. N. (2008)Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology.
6th edn. Kolkata: Hilton & Company.

10. Kulkarni, S. K. (2010) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology.3rd
edn. Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan.

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Magazines and Journals
1. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. Mumbai: Wolters Kluwer –

Medknow Publications
2. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. UK: Royal Pharmaceutical

Society
3. Indian Drugs. Mumbai: Indian Drug Manufacturers Association
4. Drug USA: Springerlink
5. ICH, OECD and USFDA Guidelines
Websites
• 1. www.icp.org.nz
• 2. www.craigslist.org
• 3. www. druglib.com

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e. Other electronics Resources
1. Kathryn l. Mccance, RN, and Sue E. Huether, Pathophysiology Online

for Pathophysiology, 6th Edition, The biologic Basis for Disease in
Adults and Children, College of Nursing University of Utah,Salt Lake
City, UT.

2. Esther Chang, John Daly, Doug Elliot (2006) Pathophysiology Applied
to Nursing Practice, Australia: Elsevier.

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Course Delivery Schedule
Lecture Date Time Day Topic Delivered By Additional

No. Activity

01 28-Jan-2019 03:00 to 04:00 Monday Orientation Dr.Kesha Desai

02 30-Jan-2019 12:00 to 01:00 Wednesday Introduction Dr.Kesha Desai

03 31-Jan-2019 10:00 to 11:00 Thursday Routes of administration Dr.Kesha Desai

04 4-Feb-2019 03:00 to 04:00 Monday Absorption, Distribution Dr.Kesha Desai

05 6-Jan-2019 12:00 to 01:00 Wednesday Biotransformation Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using
Video

06 7-Jan-2019 10:00 to 11:00 Thursday Pkinetics Dr.Kesha Desai Tutorial

07 9-Feb-2019 09:00 to 10:00 Saturday Pharmacodynamics Dr.Kesha Desai Tutorial

08 11-Feb-2019 03:00 to 04:00 Monday Pharmacodynamics Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using
Video

09 13-Feb-2019 12:00 to 01:00 Wednesday Pharmacodynamics Dr.Kesha Desai

10 14-Feb-2019 10:00 to 11:00 Thursday MG Dr.Kesha Desai

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Course Delivery Schedule
Lecture Date Time Day Topic Delivered By Additional

No. Activity

11 16-Feb-2019 09:00 to Saturday ADR Dr.Kesha Desai
10:00

12 18-Feb-2019 03:00 to Monday Drug tol & interaction Dr.Kesha Desai
04:00

13 20-Feb-2019 12:00 to Wednesday Local anaesthetics Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using
01:00 Video

14 21-Feb-2019 10:00 to Thursday ANS Dr.Kesha Desai
11:00

15 23-Feb-2019 09:00 to Saturday ANS Dr.Kesha Desai Tutorial
10:00

16 25-Feb-2019 03:00 to Monday ANS Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using
04:00 Video

17 27-Feb-2019 12:00 to Wednesday ANS Dr.Kesha Desai
01:00

18 28 Feb-2019 10:00 to Thursday ANS Dr.Kesha Desai
11:00

19 4-Mar-2019 03:00 to Monday ANS Dr.Kesha Desai
04:00

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Course Delivery Schedule
Lecture Date Time Day Topic Delivered By Additional

No. Activity

20 6-Mar-2019 12:00 to Wednesday ANS Dr.Kesha Desai
01:00

21 7-Mar-2019 10:00 to Thursday ANS Dr.Kesha Desai
11:00

22 9 Mar 2019 09:00to Saturday ANS Dr.Kesha Desai
10:00

11-Mar-2019 TERM TEST 1

22 18-Mar-2019 03:00 to Monday NHT Dr.Kesha Desai
04:00

23 21-Mar-2019 10:00 to Thursday CNS-GA Dr.Kesha Desai
11:00

24 23-Mar-2019 09:00to Saturday CNS-GA Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using

10:00 Video

25 25-Mar-2019 03:00 to Monday CNS-SED Dr.Kesha Desai Assignment

04:00 Submisssion

26 27-Mar-2019 12:00 to Wednesday CNS-ANX Dr.Kesha Desai
01:00

27 28-Mar-2018 10:00 to Thursday CNS-EPI Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using
11:00 Video

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28 30-Mar-2018 09:00 to Saturday CNS-EPI 20

Dr.Kesha Desai
10:00

 

Course Delivery Schedule
Lecture Date Time Day Topic Delivered By Additional

No. Activity

29 1-Apr-2019 03:00 to Monday CNS-Alcohol Dr.Kesha Desai
04:00

30 3-Apr-2019 12:00 to Wednesday CNS-PSYCHO Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using
01:00 Video

31 4-Apr-2019 10:00 to Thursday CNS-PSYCHO Dr.Kesha Desai
11:00

32 8-Apr-2019 09:00 to Monday Affective diorders Dr.Kesha Desai
10:00

33 10-Apr-2019 02:00 to Wednesday Affective diorders Dr.Kesha Desai
03:00

34 11-Apr-2019 09:00 to Thursday Affective diorders Dr.Kesha Desai Tutorial
10:00

35 13-Apr-2019 09:00 to Saturday Parkinsonism Dr.Kesha Desai
10:00

36 15-Apr-2019 03:00 to Monday Parkinsonism Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using
04:00 Video

37 17-Apr-2019 12:00 to Wednesday Alzheimer’s disease Dr.Kesha Desai
01:00

38 18-Apr-2019 10:00 to Thursday Alzheimer’s disease Dr.Kesha Desai Tutorial
11:00

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Course Delivery Schedule

Lecture Date Time Day Topic Delivered By Additional
No. Activity

39 20-Apr-2019 09:00 to Saturday Opioids Dr.Kesha Desai
10:00

40 22-Apr-2019 03:00 to Monday Opioids Dr.Kesha Desai
04:00

41 24-Apr-2019 12:00 to Wednesday CNS stimulants Dr.Kesha Desai
01:00

42 25-Apr-2019 10:00 to Thursday Opioids Dr.Kesha Desai
11:00

43 27-Apr-2019 09:00 to Saturday Skeletal muscle Dr.Kesha Desai
10:00 relaxant

29-Apr-2019 TERM TEST 2

44 08-May-2019 12:00 to Wednesday Preclinical studies Dr.Kesha Desai
01:00

45 09-May-2019 10:00 to Thursday Preclinical studies Dr.Kesha Desai
11:00

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Course Delivery Schedule

Lecture Date Time Day Topic Delivered By Additional
No. Activity

46 11-May-2019 09:00 to Saturday Clinical studies Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using
10:00 Video

47 13-May-2019 03:00 to Monday Clinical studies Dr.Kesha Desai Tutorial
04:00

48 15-May-2019 12:00 to Wednesday Pharmacovigilance Dr.Kesha Desai Demo using
01:00 Video

49 16-May-2019 10:00 to Thursday Revision Dr.Kesha Desai
11:00

50 18-May-2019 09:00 to Saturday Revision Dr.Kesha Desai
10:00

Semester end examinations

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Lecture 1

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Describe Pharmacology
• Explain the sources of drugs
• Discuss the scope of pharmacology

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Lecture 2

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Classify various routes of administration
• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of various routes of

administration
• Differentiate between oral and parenteral route of administration

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Lecture 3

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Explain absorption and bioavailability
• Describe mechanisms of drug transport
• Explain the factors affecting absorption and bioavailability of drugs

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Lecture 4

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Explain the process of drug distribution
• Describe protein binding
• Explain volume of distribution
• Outline the barriers to drug passage

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Lecture 5

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Explain chemical pathways of biotransformation
• Differentiate between phase I and phase II metabolism
• Outline microsomal and non microsomal enzymes
• Explain the process of first pass metabolism

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Lecture 6

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Describe enzyme induction and inhibition
• Give examples for clinically significant enzyme induction and

inhibition
• Explain the factors affecting drug metabolism
• Differentiate between first and zero order kinetics

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Lecture 7

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Explain principles of drug action
• Explain mechanisms involved in drug action
• Describe enzyme inhibition process

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Lecture 08

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Describe Receptor
• Describe G – Protein coupled receptor
• Explain effector pathways of GPCR

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Lecture 09

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Describe ion channel receptor, enzyme linked receptor and

receptors regulating gene expression
• Explain the functions of receptors
• Differentiate between synergism and antagonism

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Lecture 10

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Differentiate between side effects and toxic effects
• Classify Adverse Drug Reactions
• Describe hypersensitivity reactions
• Explain the factors modifying drug effects

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Lecture 11

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Explain myasthenia gravis, its diagnosis and treatment
• Differentiate between mydriatics and miotics
• Outline the treatment of glaucoma
• Explain the pharmacology of ganglionic stimulants

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Lecture 12

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Describe drug interactions
• Give examples for drug interactions inside/outside the body
• Explain drug tolerance and dependence

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Lecture 13

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Classify local anesthetics
• Describe the general properties of local anesthetics
• Explain the pharmacology of local anesthetics
• Explain spinal anesthesia

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Lecture 14

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Describe the autonomic nervous system
• Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous

system
• Explain neurohumoral transmission
• Explain location, function and characterisation of cholinergic

receptors

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Lecture 15

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Classify General anesthetics
• Differentiate between inhalational and intravenous anesthetics
• Describe the various sites and mechanism of action of anesthetics
• Explain the stages of anesthesia

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Lecture 16

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:

• Give examples for non volatile anaesthetics
• Explain the pharmacological actions of thiopental
• List the uses of ketamine
• Describe neuroleptanalgesis

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Lecture 17

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:

• Give example for inhalational anesthetics
• Explain the pharmacology of diethyl ether and nitrous oxide
• List the advantages and disadvantages of diethyl ether and nitrous

oxide

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Lecture 18

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:

• Differentiate between sedatives and hypnotics
• Classify barbiturates
• Explain the pharmacology of barbiturates
• Outline the symptoms of barbiturate poisoning and its treatment

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Lecture 19

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:
• Differentiate between sedatives and hypnotics
• Classify sedatives and hypnotics
• Explain the pharmacology of benzodiazepines
• List the advantages of benzodiazepines as sedative and hypnotic

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Lecture 20

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

•Classify anxiolytics, psychomotor stimulants and psychotogenic drugs
•List the uses of psychomotor stimulants
•Explain the pharmacology of LSD and cannabis
•Differentiate psychomotor stimulants and psychotogenic drugs

 

Lecture 21

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:

• Classify antiepileptic drugs
• Explain the various types of epilepsy
• Describe the neurophysiology of epilepsy
• Differentiate generalized and partial seizures

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Lecture 22

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

•Classify antiepileptics therapeutically
•Explain the neurophysiology of epilepsy
•Explain the mechanism, pharmacological actions and
ADRs of phenytoin

 

Lecture 23

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

•List the uses of phenytoin
•Explain the drug interaction with phenytoin
•Explain the pharmacological actions of barbiturates, carbamazepine,
valproic acid, GABA transaminase inhibitors

 

Lecture 24

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
•Explain acute alcohol intoxication
•Explain methanol poisoning and its treatment
•Outline the mechanism of disulfiram
•List the drugs used for the treatment of alcohol dependence

 

Lecture 25

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
•Explain the mechanism of ethanol
•Explain the pharmacological actions and uses of ethanol
•List the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors

 

Lecture 26

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
•Differentiate between psychotic and neurotic disorders
•Classify psychotropics and antipsyhotics
•Explain the mechanism and pharmacological actions of chlorpromazine

 

Lecture 27

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Explain the pharmacological actions, ADME and ADR of

chlorpromazine
• Explain the pharmacological actions of reserpine
• Give examples for atypical antipsychotics
• List the advantages of atypical antipsychotics

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Lecture 28

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Explain the pathophysiology of Schizophrenia

• Describe the symptoms of Schizophrenia

• Explain dopamine pathways involved in schizophrenia

• Enumerate the role of neurotransmitter system in schizophrenia

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Lecture 29

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Explain the pathophysiology of Depression

• Describe the symptoms of Depression

• Explain the Pharmacological actions, ADR, interactions and uses of

various anti-depressants

• Discuss on Newer antidepressants and their advantages

• Explain the treatment of Depression

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Lecture 30

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Explain the pathophysiology of Mania

• Describe the symptoms and types of Mania

• Explain the Pharmacological actions, ADR, interactions and uses of

various anti-maniacs

• Explain the treatment of Mania

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Lecture 31

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Classify antidepressants
• Give examples MAOIs
• Explain the pharmacology of MAOIs
• Explain the actions tricyclic antidepressants
• Classify antimanic drugs

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Lecture 32

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Classify antidepressants
• Give examples MAOIs
• Explain the pharmacology of MAOIs
• Explain the actions tricyclic antidepressants
• Classify antimanic drugs

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Lecture 33

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Classify Anti Prakinson’s drugs therapeutically
• Explain the mechanism, pharmacological actions and ADRs of

antiparkinson drugs
• Non-pharmacological management

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Lecture 34

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Classify Anti Prakinson’s drugs therapeutically
• Explain the neurophysiology of Parkinson’s
• Explain the mechanism, pharmacological actions and ADRs of

Levodopa

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Lecture 35

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Explain pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease
• Describe sign and symptoms of Alzheimer disease
• Classify drugs used in Alzheimer disease

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Lecture 36

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Describe the stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
• Explain the etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease
• Elaborate the stages of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Lecture 37

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Describe the laboratory tests for Alzheimer’s Disease
• Explain therapeutic management of Alzheimer’s Disease
• Discuss the Pharmacological actions of drugs

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Lecture 38

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Explain the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

• Explain the pharmacology of drugs used in Alzheimer’s Disease

• Discuss the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

• Enumerate the adverse effects of drugs used in the treatment of

Alzheimer’s Disease

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Lecture 39

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to
• Describe pain pathways
• Classify opioid analgesics
• Explain the pharmacology of opioid analgesics
• Describe acute morphine poisoning
• Explain the pharmacology of opioid antagonists

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Lecture 40

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able

• Describe CNS Stimulants
• Classify opioid analgesics
• Explain the pharmacology of opioid analgesics
• Describe acute morphine poisoning

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Lecture 41

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Describe the autonomic nervous system
• Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous

system
• Explain neurohumoral transmission
• Explain location, function and characterisation of cholinergic

receptors

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Lecture 42

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• Describe the autonomic nervous system
• Explain neurohumoral transmission
• Explain location, function and characterisation of cholinergic

receptors

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Lecture 43

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• List the cholinergic drugs
• Explain the pharmacology of acetylcholine
• Describe pharmacokinetic of ACh

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Lecture 44

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

• List the cholinergic drugs
• Explain organophophorous poisoning
• Describe treatment of poisoning

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Lecture 45

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to-

• List the anticholinergic drugs
• Explain the pharmacology of atropine
• Explain atropine poisoning and its treatment

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Lecture 46

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to:

• Classify adrenergic drugs
• Describe sympathetic receptors
• Explain the pharmacology of adrenaline and Noradrenaline

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Lecture 47

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to –

• List the adrenergic drugs
• Describe sympathetic receptors
• Explain the pharmacology of adrenaline and Noradrenaline

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Lecture 48

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to –

• List the adrenergic drugs
• Describe sympathetic receptors
• Explain the pharmacology of adrenaline and Noradrenaline

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Lecture 49

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to –

• Differentiate between alpha and beta receptor blockers
• Explain the pharmacology of propranolol
• Pharmacokinetic of beta-blockers

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Lecture 50

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to –

• Differentiate between catecholamines and non catecholamines
• Explain the ADME of adrenaline and noradrenaline
• Explain the pharmacology of dopamine
• Explain the pharmacology of ephedrine

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Lecture 51

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to –
• Explain the pharmacology of ephedrine
• Explain nasal decongestants, selective α2 and β2 receptor stimulants

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Lecture 52

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to –

• Classify sympatholytics
• Differentiate between alpha and beta receptor blockers
• Explain the pharmacology of propranolol

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Lecture 53

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to –

• Classify muscle relaxants
• Differentiate between centrally acting and peripherally acting

muscle relaxants
• Explain the pharmacology of tubocurarine
• Give example for persistent depolarising muscle relaxant

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Lecture 54

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to –

• Explain the stages of preclinical studies
• Outline pharmacodynamic studies
• Explain toxicity studies
• Discuss the assessment of safety index

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Lecture 55

Objectives

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to –

• Explain the stages of clinical studies
• DescribePostmarketing studies
• Discuss the assessment of safety index