Pharmacy Exam

Guide

Step I 

Practical Book

st
1  Edition

(p1c6)

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-
in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system
without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in
critical articles and reviews. 

DISCLAIMER
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information present and to describe
generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible
for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this
book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency,
completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information
in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical
treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal
recommendations.

We DO NOT own the rights of the pictures and some context. All rights reserved to their
copyright owner, those context and pictures are just used as a reference in this book.

The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection
and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and
practice at the time of publication.

Compiled By:
Abdul Sattar Rashid

Ali Ahsan

Ammara Khalique

Anmol Tahreem

Fareed Ahmed Rang Ali

Hamza Rohail

Laiq Ur Rehman Khan

Mehrab Fatima

Memoon Babar

Muhammad Qasim Yousaf

Ramsha Tahir 

Sadia

Salbia Shereen

Sharmeen BaiG

Umair Javaid

Zafeer Naeem

   Dedicated to Our Parents 

And TeacherS

Acknowledgement
 

The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their
dreams.

The preparation of this book “Pharmacy Exam Guide” was
just a dream of some students of Doctor of Pharmacy,
University of Central Punjab, which could not be fulfill
without the help and support of our teachers and parents.

We appreciate the tireless efforts of Our Teachers who
encouraged us always to achieve our endeavor, no matter,
how hard they can be.

We are much indebted to Our Parents for inspiring and
motivating us to achieve the great goals in life.
 

PHARMACEUTICS 1
 

PHARMACEUTICS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5

To Determine Density of Different Liquids at A Given Temperature ………………………………………………. 5

To Determine the Unknown Concentration of Samples by Specific Gravity Method ………………………… 7

To Prepare 1 M, 0.5M and 0.1 M Solutions of HCl and NaOH ………………………………………………………. 11

To Prepare 0.5 and 0.1 Molal Solutions of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Hydroxide ……………………. 16

To Prepare 0.5 and 0.1 Normal Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid and Sulphuric Acid ………………………… 20

To Purify Benzoic Acid from the Given Impure Sample by Recrystallization Process and Check the
Percentage Purity …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25

Purification of Camphor by Sublimation ……………………………………………………………………………………. 27

To Prepare Acetate Buffer and Check its Buffer Action ……………………………………………………………….. 29

To Determine Particle Size Distribution of Given Powder Samples by Sieving Method……………………. 32

Determine Particle Size of Samples by Microscopy …………………………………………………………………….. 34

To Determine the Solubility of Benzoic Acid in Water and Ethanol at Room Temperature ……………… 39

To Determine the Solubility of Benzoic Acid at Different Temperatures ……………………………………….. 42

To Determine the Bulk Density and Tapped Density of Given Powder ………………………………………….. 45

Determination of Viscosity of Pharmaceutical Products Using Ostwald Viscometer ……………………….. 46

Determination of Unknown Concentration of Samples Using Ostwald Viscometer ………………………… 49

To Determine the Type of Pharmaceutical Emulsions …………………………………………………………………. 53

To Determine the Globules Size of Emulsions by Optical Microscope …………………………………………… 57

To Determine the Surface Tension of Different Solvents …………………………………………………………….. 62

To Determine the Concentration of Unknown Samples by Drop Count Method ……………………………. 64

To Determine the Distribution Coefficient (Partition Coefficient) of Benzoic Acid between Benzene and
Water …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 69

Theory ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69

To Determine the Distribution Coefficient (Partition Coefficient) of Benzoic Acid between Water and
Carbon Tetrachloride ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 72

Theory ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 72

Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration of (CMC)Tween 80 by Surface Tension Measurement
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 75

Study of Acetyl Salicylic Acid Hydrolysis ……………………………………………………………………………………. 78
 

Purification of Water by Simple Distillation ……………………………………………………………………………….. 81

BIOCHEMISTRY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 84

Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates ………………………………………………………………………………………. 84

Pharmacy Exam Guide 
 

PHARMACEUTICS 2
 

Qualitative Analysis of Glucose ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 86

Qualitative Analysis of Fructose ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 88

Qualitative Analysis of Sucrose ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 90

Qualitative Analysis of Lactose ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 93

Qualitative analysis of Maltose ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 95

Qualitative Analysis of Galactose ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 97

Qualitative Analysis of Starch ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 99

Hydrolysis of starch: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 101

Qualitative Analysis of Sprite …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 103

Hydrolysis of sprite: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 104

Qualitative Analysis of Biscuits ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105

Hydrolysis of  solution: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 106

Qualitative Analysis of Ketchup ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 108

Qualitative Analysis of Egg White …………………………………………………………………………………………… 111

Qualitative Analysis of Egg Yolk ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 114

Qualitative Analysis of Egg Shell …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 117

To Compare Different Reducing Sugars by Performing Osazone Test …………………………………………. 118

To Study Conversion of Starch into Glucose …………………………………………………………………………….. 121

Qualitative Analysis of Lipids in the  Given Sample …………………………………………………………………… 123

Qualitative Analysis of Lipids in the Given Sample ……………………………………………………………………. 126

Qualitative Analysis of Bread Crumbs ……………………………………………………………………………………… 129

Qualitative Analysis of Bread Crust …………………………………………………………………………………………. 131

Qualitative Analysis of Milk……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 134

Qualitative Analysis of lipids in Given Sample ………………………………………………………………………….. 137

To Estimate Glucose in Urine by Benedicts Quantitative Method ………………………………………………. 139

Qualitative Analysis of Mineral Ions ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 142

Biological Importance of Mineral Ions …………………………………………………………………………………….. 146

CHEMISTRY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 147

Qualitative Analysis of Urea …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 147
 

Qualitative Analysis of Thiourea …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 149

Qualitative Analysis of Benzoic Acid ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 152

Qualitative Analysis of Phthalic Acid ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 155

Pharmacy Exam Guide 
 

PHARMACEUTICS 3
 

Qualitative Analysis of Tartaric Acid ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 158

Qualitativs Analysis of Cinnamic Acid ……………………………………………………………………………………… 162

Qualitative Analysis of Citric Acid …………………………………………………………………………………………… 166

Qualitative Analysis of Malic Acid …………………………………………………………………………………………… 170

Qualitative Analysis of Salicylic Acid ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 173

Qualitative Analysis of Acetyl Salicylic Acid ……………………………………………………………………………… 177

Qualitative Analysis of Succinic Acid ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 180

Qualitative Analysis of Benzamide ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 183

Qualitative Analysis of Acetanilide …………………………………………………………………………………………. 186

Qualitative Analysis of Glucose ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 189

Qualitative Analysis of Fructose ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 192

Qualitative Analysis of Maltose ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 195

Qualitative Analysis of Sucrose ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 198

Melting Point of All the Compound ………………………………………………………………………………………… 202

Confirmatory Test of All Compound ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 203

Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 206

To Prepare Acetanilide ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 207

To Prepare Acetyl Salicylic Acid (Aspirin) …………………………………………………………………………………. 210

To Prepare Methyl Salicylate …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 213

To Prepare Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) ……………………………………………………………………………… 216

To Prepare Nitrophenol ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 219

To Prepare Benzoic Acid ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 222

To Prepare Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil ………………………………………………………………………… 225

To Determine % Purity of the Given Sample of Benzoic Acid ……………………………………………………… 228

To Determine Specific Rotation of Given Compounds ………………………………………………………………. 230

PHYSIOLOGY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 233

To Study Parts of Microscope ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 233

Study of Neubauer’s Chamber ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 236

Determination of Blood Group ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 239
 

Determination of Hemoglobin Conc. in Blood Sample by Sahli’s Method ……………………………………. 241

Measurement of Pulse Rate and Maximum Heart Rate …………………………………………………………….. 246

Determination of Bleeding Time …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 248

Pharmacy Exam Guide 
 

PHARMACEUTICS 4
 

Determination of Clotting Time ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 249

Formation of Blood Film ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 250

Result:- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 251

Determination of RBC Count………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 252

Determination of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)…………………………………………………………… 255

Determination of Blood glucose level ……………………………………………………………………………………… 257

Determination of Body Mass Index ………………………………………………………………………………………… 258

Determination of Normal Body Temperature ………………………………………………………………………….. 259

Determination of Blood Pressure …………………………………………………………………………………………… 261

Leukocyte Count by Hemocytometer ……………………………………………………………………………………… 266

HISTOLOGY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 269

Introduction to Epithelia ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 269

Histological Study of Muscle ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 278

Histology of Liver …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 281

Histology of Tongue ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 285

Histology of Jejunum …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 288

Histology of Large Intestine …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 289

Histology of Appendix …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 292

Histological Features of Artery & Vein …………………………………………………………………………………….. 293

Histology of Respiratory System …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 296

Pharmacy Exam Guide 
 

PHARMACEUTICS 5
 

PHARMACEUTICS

To Determine Density of Different Liquids at A Given Temperature

Aim

To understand the concept of density
 To understand its pharmaceutical importance

Theory

Density 
 It is define as mass per unit volume at a fixed temperature and pressure
 It is given by

              ⁄      

 Its symbol is ρ (Greek letter rho).
 It is measure in g/ml or g/cm3 in CGS.

Measurement:
Equipment used to measure density are:

 Pycnometer
 Specific gravity bottle hydrometer

Factor
 Temperature
 Pressure
 Concentration

Pharmaceutical Application
 To Check Purity of Materials
 To Determine unknown concentration
 In Pre-Formulation Studies
 Biological Research Laboratories

o Cell Density Test

Apparatus Chemical Required
Pycnometer/ Specific gravity bottle Distilled Water
Graduated Cylinder Acetone
Beaker Chloroform
Electric weighing balance Carbon Tetrachloride
Tissue paper / Blotting paper Glycerin 

Pharmacy Exam Guide 
 

PHARMACEUTICS 6
 

Procedure
1. Wash, clean and dry all the glassware as per S.O.P.
2. Calibrate the weighing balance
3. Note the room temperature T.
4. Rinse glassware with acetone to let it dry.
5. Note the volume of pycnometer V.
6. Note the weight (mass) of empty pycnometer W1 or m1 (g)
7. To determine density of water, fill it with water to the rim, apply the stopper, dry it from outside

and note the weight (mass) of pycnometer + water, W2 or m2 (g)
8. Determine the weight of water by W2 –W1
9. Determine density of water by

10.              ⁄      

11. Fill the pycnometer with the given solutions one by one; find out the weight (mass) of
pycnometer + liquid W3 or m3 (g).

12. Determine the weight of liquid by W3 – W1 (g).
13. Determine the density of different luquids by the same formula.

Precautions
 All the apparatus should be cleaned before use
 Rinse pycnometer with acetone to let it dry
 Before determination of density, rinse pycnometer with the given solution to get accurate

results
 Calibrate the balance before use
 Note the volume of pycnometer carefully
 Remove all air bubbles from the pycnometer before applying stopper.

Observation and Calculation
 Room Temperature = 
 Volume of pycnometer = 
 Weight of pycnometer = 

              ⁄